Gallium - ASCII Periodic Table of the Elements

ASCII PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

  Ga

Relative atomic mass: 69.723 ± 0.001

English: Gallium
French: Gallium
Croatian: Galij
German: Gallium
Italian: Gallio
Spanish: Galio

Atomic number: 31
Group numbers: 13
Period: 4
Standard state (20 °C): solid

Discovery: 1875 Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (FR)

Gallium was discovered by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (FR) in 1875. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word 'Gallia' meaning 'France'. It is a soft, blue-white metal, stable in air and water that reacts violently with chlorine and bromine. Gallium is found throughout the crust in minerals like bauxite, germanite and coal. It is used in semiconductor production, in making LED's (light-emitting diodes) and GaAs laser diodes.

Electronic configuration: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
Formal oxidation number: +3
Atomic radius: 122.1 pm

Electronegativities: 1.81
Thermal conductivity: 40.6 W/(m K)
Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 17.4 μΩcm

Melting point: 29.76 °C
Boiling point: 2204 °C

Heat of fusion: 5.59 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 270.3 kJ/mol
Heat of atomization: 276 kJ/mol