Gadolinium - ASCII Periodic Table of the Elements

ASCII PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

  Gd

Relative atomic mass: 157.25 ± 0.03

English: Gadolinium
French: Gadolinium
Croatian: Gadolinij
German: Gadolinium
Italian: Gadolinio
Spanish: Gadolinio

Atomic number: 64
Group numbers: 3
Period: 6
Standard state (20 °C): solid

Discovery: 1880 Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (CH)

Gadolinium was discovered by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (CH) in 1880. Named after the mineral gadolinite, named for J. 'Gadolin', a Finnish chemist and mineralogist. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that reacts slowly with water and oxygen. Gadolinium dissolves in acids. The metal ignites and burns readily. Gadolinium is found with other rare earths in gadolinite and monazite sand. It is used in steel alloying agents and the manufacture of electronic components.

Electronic configuration: [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²
Formal oxidation number: +3
Atomic radius: 178.7 pm

Electronegativities: 1.2
Thermal conductivity: 10.6 W/(m K)
Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 140.5 μΩcm

Melting point: 1313 °C
Boiling point: 3273 °C

Heat of fusion: 15.5 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 301 kJ/mol
Heat of atomization: 398.94 kJ/mol