Niobium - ASCII Periodic Table of the Elements

ASCII PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

  Nb

Relative atomic mass: 92.90638 ± 0.00002

English: Niobium
French: Niobium
Croatian: Niobij
German: Niob
Italian: Niobio
Spanish: Niobio

Atomic number: 41
Group numbers: 5
Period: 5
Standard state (20 °C): solid

Discovery: 1801 Charles Hatchett (GB)

Niobium was discovered by Charles Hatchett (GB) in 1801. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word 'Niobe' meaning 'daughter of Tantalus' in Greek mythology (tantalum is closely related to niobium in the periodic table). It is a shiny white, soft, ductile metal. Exposed surfaces form oxide film. Niobium occurs in a mineral columbite. It is used in stainless steel alloys for nuclear reactors, jets and missiles. It is used as an alloy with iron and nickel. It can be used in nuclear reactors and is known to be superconductive when alloyed with tin, aluminium or zirconium.

Electronic configuration: [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹
Formal oxidation number: +3 +5
Atomic radius: 142.9 pm

Electronegativities: 1.6
Thermal conductivity: 53.7 W/(m K)
Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 12.5 μΩcm

Melting point: 2477 °C
Boiling point: 4744 °C

Heat of fusion: 27.2 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 680.19 kJ/mol
Heat of atomization: 722.819 kJ/mol