Atomic number:22

Group numbers:4

Period:4

Electronic configuration:[Ar] 3d² 4s²

Formal oxidation number:+2 +3 +4

Electronegativities:1.54

Atomic radius / pm:144.8

Relative atomic mass:47.867 ± 0.001

 

Titanium was discovered by William Gregor (GB) in 1791. Named after the Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess in Greek mythology. It is a shiny, dark-grey metal. In powdered form it burns in air. Exposed surfaces form oxide coating. It can be highly polished and is relatively immune to tarnishing. Titanium is unreactive with alkali and most acids. Titanium usually occurs in the minerals ilmenite (FeTiO3), rutile (TiO2) and iron ores. Pure metal produced by heating TiO2 with carbon and chlorine to produce TiCl4 then heated with Mg gas in argon atmosphere. Since it is strong and resists acids it is used in many alloys. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white pigment that covers surfaces very well, is used in paint, rubber, paper and many others.

Density / g dm^-3:4540 (293 K)

 4110 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm³mol^-1:10.54 (293 K)

 11.65 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:42 (20 °C)

Thermal conductivity / W m^-1K^-1:21.9

Melting point / °C:1668

Boiling point / °C:3287

Heat of fusion / kJ mol^-1:20.9

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol^-1:425.5

Heat of atomization / kJ mol^-1:467.14

1st ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:658.82

2nd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:1309.85

3rd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:2652.56

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:5400

in the oceans / ppm:0.001