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Neighborhood
Ag
47
Cd
48
In
49
Au
79
Hg
80
Tl
81
Rg
111
Cn
112
Uut
113

 

Periodic table

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Quecksilber

en  English

Mercury

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Mercure

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Živa

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Mercurio

es  Spanish

Mercurio

 

Hg
Hg
Hydrargyrum

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

MERCURY

TRANSITION ELEMENT:
ZINC GROUP

 

Atomic number:80

Group numbers:12

Period:6

Electronic configuration:[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2

Formal oxidation number:+1 +2

Electronegativities:1.9

Atomic radius / pm:150.3

Relative atomic mass:200.59 ± 0.02

 

Mercury has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word hydrargyrum meaning liquid silver. It is a heavy, silver-white metal, liquid at ordinary temperatures, stable in air and water. Mercury is unreactive with alkalis and most acids. It gives off poisonous vapour that has a chronic cumulative effect. Mercury rarely occurs free in nature. The chief ore is cinnabar or mercury sulfide (HgS). It is used in thermometers, barometers and batteries, also in electrical switches and mercury-vapour lighting products.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:13546 (293 K)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:14.81 (293 K)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:95.8 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:8.34

Melting point / °C:-38.83

Boiling point / °C:356.73

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:2.331

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:59.11

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:64.463

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1007.07

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1809.69

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:3299.82

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:0.08

in the oceans / ppm:0.00003

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

rhombohedral

Crystal structure:

rhombohedral

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=299.25, α=70°44.6'

Space group:

R3m

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
196Hg195.965815(4)0.15(1)
198Hg197.966752(3)9.97(8)
199Hg198.968262(3)16.87(10)
200Hg199.968309(3)23.10(16)
201Hg200.970285(3)13.18(8)
202Hg201.970626(3)29.86(20)
204Hg203.973476(3)6.87(4)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
Hg2+ + 2e- = Hg(l)+0.854
2Hg2+ + 2e- = Hg22++0.920
2Hg2+ + 2e- = Hg22++0.907 (1 mol dm-3 HClO4)
Hg22+ + 2e- = 2Hg(l)+0.788
Hg22+ + 2e- = 2Hg(l)+0.274 (1 mol dm-3 HCl)
Hg22+ + 2e- = 2Hg(l)+0.776 (1 mol dm-3 HClO4)
Hg22+ + 2e- = 2Hg(l)+0.674 (1 mol dm-3 H2SO4)
HgO(s) + H2O + 2e- = Hg(l) + 2OH-+0.10
HgO(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = Hg(l) + H2O+0.93
2Hg(OH)2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- = Hg22+ + 4H2O+1.28
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2Cl-+0.268
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2Cl-+0.244 (saturated KCl)
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2Cl-+0.282 (1 mol dm-3 KCl)
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2Cl-+0.334 (0.1 mol dm-3 KCl)
Hg2Br2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2Br-+0.14
Hg2I2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2I-- 0.04
Hg2C2O4(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + C2O42-+0.42
Hg2SO4(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + SO42-+0.615
HgS(s) (black) + 2e- = Hg(l) + S2-- 0.67
HgS(s) (red) + 2e- = Hg + S2-- 0.70
Hg(CN)42- + 2e- = Hg(l) + 4CN-- 0.37

 

79 Gold <=
80 Mercury
 => 81 Thallium