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7
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14
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Periodic table

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N
N
Nitrogenium

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

NITROGEN

NITROGEN GROUP

 

Atomic number:7

Group numbers:15

Period:2

Electronic configuration:[He] 2s2 2p3

Formal oxidation number:-3 -2 -1 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5

Electronegativities:3.04

Atomic radius / pm:54.9

Relative atomic mass:14.0067 ± 0.0002

 

Nitrogen was discovered by Daniel Rutherford (GB) in 1772. The origin of the name comes from the Greek words nitron genes meaning nitre and forming and the Latin word nitrum (nitre is a common name for potassium nitrate, KNO3). It is a colourless, odourless, generally inert gas, minimally reactive at room temperature. Nitrogen is a component of many organic and inorganic compounds and makes up about 78% of earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen is obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation. Nitrogen is primarily used to produce ammonia and other fertilizers and for making nitric acid, which is used in explosives. It is also used in welding and enhanced oil recovery.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:1026 (21 K)

 880 (m.p.)

 1.2506 (gas, 273 K)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:13.65 (21 K)

 15.92 (m.p.)

 22399.97 (gas, 273 K)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:- (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:0.0258

Melting point / °C:-210.00

Boiling point / °C:-195.8

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:0.72

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:5.577

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:470.842

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1402.34

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:2856.11

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:4578.19

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:780900

in the Earth's crust / ppm:20

in the oceans / ppm:0.8

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

hexagonal

Crystal structure:

hexagonal

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=404.2, c=660.1

Space group:

P63/mmc

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
14N14.003074005(1)99.634(9)
15N15.000108898(1)0.366(9)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
N2(g) + 6H+ + 6e- = 2NH3(g)+0.057
N2(g) + 2H2O + 6H+ + 6e- = 2NH×H2O+0.092
N2(g) + 8H+ + 6e- = 2NH4++0.275
N2(g) + 5H+ + 4e- = N2H5+- 0.23
NO3- + 2H+ + e- = NO2(g) + H2O+0.775
2NO3- + 4H+ + 2e- = N2O4(g) + 2H2O+0.80
NO3- + 3H+ + 2e- = HNO2 + H2O+0.94
NO3- + 3H+ + 2e- = HNO2 + H2O+0.92 (1 mol dm-3 HNO3)
NO3- + 2H+ + 2e- = NO2- + H2O+0.835
NO3- + 4H+ + 3e- = NO(g) + H2O+0.96
NO2(g) + e- = NO2-+0.893
NO2(g) + H+ + e- = HNO2+1.093
NO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e- = NO(g) + H2O+1.049
2NO2(g) + 6H+ + 6e- = N2O(g) + 3H2O+1.229
2NO2(g) + 8H+ + 8e- = N2(g) + 4H2O+1.363
NO2- + 2H+ + e- = NO(g) + H2O+1.202
HNO2 + H+ + e- = NO(g) + H2O+1.00
2NO2- + 6H+ + 4e- = N2O(g) + 3H2O+1.396
2HNO2 + 4H+ + 4e- = N2O(g) + 3H2O+1.297
2NO2- + 8H+ + 6e- = N2(g) + 4H2O+1.520
2HNO2 + 6H+ + 6e- = N2(g) + 4H2O+1.454
NO2- + 7H+ + 6e- = NH3(g) + 2H2O+0.789
NO2- + 7H+ + 6e- = NH×H2O + H2O+0.806
HNO2 + 7H+ + 6e- = NH4+ + 2H2O+0.864
2NO(g) + 2H+ + 2e- = N2O(g) + H2O+1.591
2NO(g) + 4H+ + 4e- = N2(g) + 2H2O+1.678
NO(g) + 5H+ + 5e- = NH×H2O+0.727
NO(g) + 6H+ + 5e- = NH4+ + H2O+0.836
N2O(g) + 2H+ + 2e- = N2(g) + H2O+1.766
N2O(g) + H2O + 8H+ + 8e- = 2NH×H2O+0.510
N2O(g) + 10H+ + 8e- = 2NH4+ + H2O+0.647
N3- + 7H2O + 6e- = N2H4 + NH3(g) + 7OH-- 0.62

 

6 Carbon <=
7 Nitrogen
 => 8 Oxygen