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N
7
O
8
F
9
P
15
S
16
Cl
17

 

Periodic table

de  German

Sauerstoff

en  English

Oxygen

fr  French

Oxygène

hr  Croatian

Kisik

it  Italian

Ossigeno

es  Spanish

Oxígeno

 

O
O
Oxygenium

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

OXYGEN

CHALCOGENS ELEMENT

 

Atomic number:8

Group numbers:16

Period:2

Electronic configuration:[He] 2s2 2p4

Formal oxidation number:-2

Electronegativities:3.44

Atomic radius / pm:60.4

Relative atomic mass:15.9994 ± 0.0003

 

Oxygen was discovered by Carl William Scheele (SE) in 1772. The origin of the name comes from the Greek words oxy genes meaning acid and forming (acid former). It is a colourless, odourless gas; pale blue liquid. Oxygen is extremely reactive and forms oxides with nearly all other elements except noble gases. It is the most abundant element in the earth's crust and makes up almost 21% of the atmosphere. Oxygen is obtained primarily from liquid air by fractional distillation. Small amounts are made in the laboratory by electrolysis of water. Oxygen is used in steel making, welding and supporting life. Naturally occurring ozone (O3) in the upper atmosphere shields the earth from ultraviolet radiation.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:2000 (solid, m.p.)

 1140 (b.p.)

 1.429 (gas, 273 K)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:8.00 (solid, m.p.)

 14.03 (b.p.)

 22392.44 (gas, 273 K)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:- (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:0.0263

Melting point / °C:-218.7916

Boiling point / °C:-182.95

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:0.444

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:6.82

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:246.785

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1313.95

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:3388.33

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:5300.51

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:209500

in the Earth's crust / ppm:466000

in the oceans / ppm:(H2O)

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

simple cubic

Crystal structure:

simple cubic

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=683

Space group:

Pm3n

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
16O15.994914622(2)99.762(15)
17O16.9991315(2)0.038(3)
18O17.9991604(9)0.200(12)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e- = 2H2O+1.229
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e- = 2H2O+0.815 ([H+] = 10-7 mol dm-3)
O2(g) + 2H2O + 4e- = 4OH-+0.401
O2(g) + H2O + 2e- = HO2- + OH-+0.076
O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e- = H2O2+0.682
O3(g) + 2H+ + 2e- = O2(g) + H2O+2.07
O3(g) + 6H+ + 6e- = 3H2O+1.501
O3(g) + H2O + 2e- = O2(g) + 2OH-+1.24
HO2- + H2O + 2e- = 3OH-+0.88
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e- = 2H2O+1.776

 

7 Nitrogen <=
8 Oxygen
 => 9 Fluorine