UNICODE UTF-8 ENCODING
The Unicode Standard assigns a code point (a number) to each character in every supported language's. All text on this web site is encoded in UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format). UTF-8 is a standard transformation format for Unicode characters and it is ideal character repertoire for any platform or language anywhere in the world.
Numeric character references specify the code position of a character in the document character set. Numeric character references may take two forms:
- The syntax "&#D;", where D is a decimal number
- The syntax "&#xH;" or "&#XH;", where H is a hexadecimal number (Hexadecimal numbers in numeric character references are case-insensitive.)
For the ASCII range of characters, UTF-8 is identical to ASCII encoding and allows a broader set of characters. For Latin and Greek scripts, however, UTF-8 can require two bytes for each character.
The list of characters:
Mathematical symbols
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Left angle quotes | « | « |
| Lower-than sign | < | < |
| Plus-minus sign | ± | ± |
| Multiplication sign | × | × |
| not equal to | ≠ | ≠ |
| integral | ∫ | ∫ |
| fraction one-quarter | ¼ | ¼ |
| Euro | € | € |
| Franc | ₣ | ₣ |
| Peseta | ₧ | ₧ |
| Capital O with slash | Ø | Ø |
| Capital Y with acute | Ý | Ý |
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Right angle quotes | » | » |
| Greather-than sign | > | > |
| Middle dot | · | · |
| Division sign | ÷ | ÷ |
| square root sign | √ | √ |
| per mille sign | ‰ | ‰ |
| fraction one-half | ½ | ½ |
| Pound | £ | £ |
| Lira | ₤ | ₤ |
| Degree sign | ° | ° |
| Small O with slash | ø | ø |
| Small y with acute | ý | ý |
German special characters
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Capital A with umlaut | Ä | Ä |
| Capital E with acute | É | É |
| Capital O with umlaut | Ö | Ö |
| Capital U with umlaut | Ü | Ü |
| SZ ligature | ß | ß |
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Small a with umlaut | ä | ä |
| Small e with acute | é | é |
| Small o with umlaut | ö | ö |
| Small u with umlaut | ü | ü |
French special characters
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Capital A with grave | À | À |
| Capital A with circumflex | Â | Â |
| Capital AE Ligature | Æ | Æ |
| Capital C with cedilla | Ç | Ç |
| Capital E with grave | È | È |
| Capital E with acute | É | É |
| Capital E with circumflex | Ê | Ê |
| Capital E with umlaut | Ë | Ë |
| Capital I with circumflex | Î | Î |
| Capital I with umlaut | Ï | Ï |
| Capital O with circumflex | Ô | Ô |
| Capital OE ligature | Π| Π|
| Capital U with grave | Ù | Ù |
| Capital U with circumflex | Û | Û |
| Capital U with umlaut | Ü | Ü |
| Capital Y with diaeresis | Ÿ | Ÿ |
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Small a with grave | à | à |
| Small a with circumflex | â | â |
| Small ae Ligature | æ | æ |
| Small c with cedilla | ç | ç |
| Small e with grave | è | è |
| Small e with acute | é | é |
| Small e with circumflex | ê | ê |
| Small e with umlaut | ë | ë |
| Small i with circumflex | î | î |
| Small i with umlaut | ï | ï |
| Small o with circumflex | ô | ô |
| Small oe ligature | œ | œ |
| Small u with grave | ù | ù |
| Small u with circumflex | û | û |
| Small u with umlaut | ü | ü |
| Small Y with diaeresis | ÿ | ÿ |
Croatian special characters
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Capital C with acute | Ć | Ć |
| Capital C with caron | Č | Č |
| Capital D with stroke | Đ | Đ |
| Capital S with caron | Š | Š |
| Capital Z with caron | Ž | Ž |
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Small C with acute | ć | ć |
| Small C with caron | č | č |
| Small D with stroke | đ | đ |
| Small S with caron | š | š |
| Small Z with caron | ž | ž |
Italian special characters
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Capital A with grave | À | À |
| Capital E with grave | È | È |
| Capital E with acute | É | É |
| Capital I with grave | Ì | Ì |
| Capital O with grave | Ò | Ò |
| Capital U with grave | Ù | Ù |
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Small a with grave | à | à |
| Small e with grave | è | è |
| Small e with acute | é | é |
| Small i with grave | ì | ì |
| Small o with grave | ò | ò |
| Small u with grave | ù | ù |
Spanish special characters
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Capital A with acute | Á | Á |
| Capital E with acute | É | É |
| Capital I with acute | Í | Í |
| Capital N with tilde | Ñ | Ñ |
| Capital O with acute | Ó | Ó |
| Capital U with acute | Ú | Ú |
| Capital U with umlaut | Ü | Ü |
| Inverted question mark | ¿ | ¿ |
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Small A with acute | á | á |
| Small e with acute | é | é |
| Small I with acute | í | í |
| Small N with tilde | ñ | ñ |
| Small o with acute | ó | ó |
| Small U with acute | ú | ú |
| Small U with umlaut | ü | ü |
| Inverted exclamation point | ¡ | ¡ |
Greek alphabet
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Capital Alpha | Α | Α |
| Capital Beta | Β | Β |
| Capital Gamma | Γ | Γ |
| Capital Delta | Δ | Δ |
| Capital Epsilon | Ε | Ε |
| Capital Zeta | Ζ | Ζ |
| Capital Eta | Η | Η |
| Capital Theta | Θ | Θ |
| Capital Iota | Ι | Ι |
| Capital Kappa | Κ | Κ |
| Capital Lambda | Λ | Λ |
| Capital Mu | Μ | Μ |
| Capital Nu | Ν | Ν |
| Capital Xi | Ξ | Ξ |
| Capital Omicron | Ο | Ο |
| Capital Pi | Π | Π |
| Capital Rho | Ρ | Ρ |
| Capital Sigma | Σ | Σ |
| Capital Tau | Τ | Τ |
| Capital Upsilon | Υ | Υ |
| Capital Phi | Φ | Φ |
| Capital Chi | Χ | Χ |
| Capital Psi | Ψ | Ψ |
| Capital Omega | Ω | Ω |
| Description | Character | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Small Alpha | α | α |
| Small Beta | β | β |
| Small Gamma | γ | γ |
| Small Delta | δ | δ |
| Small Epsilon | ε | ε |
| Small Zeta | ζ | ζ |
| Small Eta | η | η |
| Small Theta | θ | θ |
| Small Iota | ι | ι |
| Small Kappa | κ | κ |
| Small Lambda | λ | λ |
| Small Mu | μ | μ |
| Small Nu | ν | ν |
| Small Xi | ξ | ξ |
| Small Omicron | ο | ο |
| Small Pi | π | π |
| Small Rho | ρ | ρ |
| Small Sigma | σ | σ |
| Small Tau | τ | τ |
| Small Upsilon | υ | υ |
| Small Phi | φ | φ |
| Small Chi | χ | χ |
| Small Psi | ψ | ψ |
| Small Omega | ω | ω |
Bibliography:
- "The Unicode Character Code Charts By Script." 1 Sep. 2006. Unicode Inc. 5 Jun 2007. <http://unicode.org/charts/>.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Unicode UTF-8 encoding." EniG. Periodic Table of the Elements. KTF-Split, 13 Feb. 2025. Web. {Date of access}. <https://www.periodni.com/unicode_utf-8_encoding.html>.
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