Eu
Europium
EUROPIUM
TRANSITION ELEMENT: LANTHANIDE
| Atomic number: | 63 |
| Group numbers: | 3 |
| Period: | 6 |
| Electronic configuration: | [Xe] 4f7 6s2 |
| Formal oxidation number: | +2 +3 |
| Electronegativities: | - |
| Atomic radius / pm: | 199.5 |
| Relative atomic mass: | 151.964(1) |
Europium was discovered by Eugène-Anatole Demarçay (FR) in 1896. Named for the continent of Europe. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that is extremely reactive with oxygen and water. Europium is obtained from monazite sand, which is a mixture of phosphates of calcium, thorium, cerium and most other rare earths. It is used with yttrium oxide to make red phosphors for colour televisions. The price of 99.9 % pure europium ingot is 254.30 € for 5 g.
| Density / g dm-3: | 5243 | (293 K) |
| Molar volume / cm3mol-1: | 28.98 | (293 K) |
| Electrical resistivity / µΩcm: | 90 | (20 °C) |
| Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1: | 13.9 |
| Melting point / °C: | 822 |
| Boiling point / °C: | 1529 |
| Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1: | 10.5 |
| Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1: | 176 |
| Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1: | 177.11 |
| First ionization energy / kJ mol-1: | 547.11 |
| Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1: | 1084.60 |
| Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1: | 2404.43 |
| in the atmosphere / ppm: | - |
| in the Earth's crust / ppm: | 1.1 |
| in the oceans / ppm: | 0.00000004 |
| Crystal structure: | body-centered cubic |
| Unit-cell dimensions / pm: | a=458.20 |
| Space group: | Im3m |
| Isotope | Relative atomic mass | Mass percent (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 151Eu | 150.919846(3) | 47.8(15) |
| 153Eu | 152.921226(3) | 52.2(15) |
| Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | |
|---|---|---|
| 62 Samarium | ← | 63 Europium | → | 64 Gadolinium |
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Europium." EniG. Periodic Table of the Elements. KTF-Split, 13 Feb. 2025. Web. {Date of access}. <https://www.periodni.com/eu.html>.
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