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Sn
50
Sb
51
Te
52
Pb
82
Bi
83
Po
84
Fl
114
Uup
115
Lv
116

 

Periodic table

de  German

Bismut

en  English

Bismuth

fr  French

Bismuth

hr  Croatian

Bizmut

it  Italian

Bismuto

es  Spanish

Bismuto

 

Bi
Bi
Bismuthum

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

BISMUTH

NITROGEN GROUP

 

Atomic number:83

Group numbers:15

Period:6

Electronic configuration:[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3

Formal oxidation number:+3 +5

Electronegativities:1.9

Atomic radius / pm:154.5

Relative atomic mass:208.98040 ± 0.00001

 

Bismuth was discovered by Basil Valentine (DE) in 1450. The origin of the name comes from the German words Weisse Masse meaning white mass; now spelled wismut and bisemutum. It is a hard, brittle, steel-grey metal with a pink tint. It is stable in oxygen and water but dissolves in concentrated nitric acid. Bismuth can be found free in nature and in minerals like bismuthine (Bi2S3) and in bismuth ochre (Bi2O3) Main use is in pharmaceuticals and low melting point alloys used as fuses.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:9747 (293 K)

 10050 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:21.44 (293 K)

 20.79 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:106.8 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:7.87

Melting point / °C:271.4

Boiling point / °C:1564

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:10.48

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:179.1

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:207.36

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:702.96

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1610.35

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:2466.18

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:0.06

in the oceans / ppm:0.0002

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

rhombohedral

Crystal structure:

rhombohedral

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=454.950, c=1186.225

Space group:

R3m

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
209Bi208.980383(3)100

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
Bi3+ + 3e- = Bi(s)+0.215
BiOH2+ + H+ + 3e- = Bi(s) + H2O+0.254
BiO+ + 2H+ + 3e- = Bi(s) + H2O+0.320
BiOCl(s) + 2H+ + 3e- = Bi(s) + H2O + Cl-+0.160
Bi2O3(s) + 3H2O + 6e- = 2Bi(s) + 6OH-- 0.46
Bi2O5(s) + 10H+ + 4e- = 2Bi3+ + 5H2O+1.759
Bi2O5(s) + 8H+ + 4e- = 2BiOH2+ + 3H2O+1.700
Bi2O5(s) + 6H+ + 4e- = 2BiO+ + 3H2O+1.605
NaBiO3(s) + 4H+ + 2e- = BiO+ + Na+ + H2O+1.80
BiCl4- + 3e- = Bi(s) + 4Cl-+0.16
Bi(s) + 3H+ + 3e- = BiH3(g)- 0.800

 

82 Lead <=
83 Bismuth
 => 84 Polonium