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Ga
31
Ge
32
As
33
In
49
Sn
50
Sb
51
Tl
81
Pb
82
Bi
83

 

Periodic table

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Tin

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Stagno

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Estaño

 

Sn
Sn
Stannum

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

TIN

CARBON GROUP

 

Atomic number:50

Group numbers:14

Period:5

Electronic configuration:[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2

Formal oxidation number:+2 +4

Electronegativities:1.96

Atomic radius / pm:140.5

Relative atomic mass:118.710 ± 0.007

 

Tin has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word stannum meaning tin. It is a silvery-white, soft, malleable and ductile metal that ressist oxygen and water but dissolves in acids and bases. Exposed surfaces form oxide film. Organic tin compounds may be highly toxic. Tin is principally found in the ore cassiterite (SnO2) and stannine (Cu2FeSnS4). It is used as a coating for steel cans since it is non-toxic and non-corrosive, also in solder (33%Sn:67%Pb), bronze (20%Sn:80%Cu) and pewter. Stannous fluoride (SnF2), a compound of tin and fluorine is used in some toothpaste.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:5750 (alpha, 273 K)

 7310 (beta, 273 K)

 6973 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:20.65 (alpha, 273 K)

 16.24 (beta, 273 K)

 17.02 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:11 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:66.6

Melting point / °C:231.928

Boiling point / °C:2602

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:7.2

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:296.2

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:302

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:708.58

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1411.81

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:2943.07

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:2.5

in the oceans / ppm:0.003

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

body-centered tetragonal

Crystal structure:

body-centered tetragonal

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=583.16, c=318.13

Space group:

I42/amd

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
112Sn111.904821(5)0.97(1)
114Sn113.902782(3)0.65(1)
115Sn114.903346(3)0.34(1)
116Sn115.901744(3)14.53(1)
117Sn116.902954(3)7.68(7)
118Sn117.901606(3)24.23(11)
119Sn118.903309(3)8.59(4)
120Sn119.902197(3)32.59(10)
122Sn121.903440(3)4.63(3)
124Sn123.905275(1)5.79(5)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
Sn4+ + 2e- = Sn2++0.154
Sn4+ + 2e- = Sn2++0.14 (1 mol dm-3 HCl)
Sn4+ + 4e- = Sn(s)+0.01
Sn2+ + 2e- = Sn(s)- 0.136
Sn2+ + 2e- = Sn(s)- 0.16 (1 mol dm-3 HClO4)
SnO32- + 3H+ + 2e- = HSnO2- + H2O+0.374
SnO32- + 6H+ + 2e- = Sn2+ + 3H2O+0.844
HSnO2- + 3H+ + 2e- = Sn(s) + 2H2O+0.333
Sn(s) + 4H+ + 4e- = SnH4(g)- 1.074

 

49 Indium <=
50 Tin
 => 51 Antimony