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Neighborhood
In
49
Sn
50
Sb
51
Tl
81
Pb
82
Bi
83
Uut
113
Fl
114
Uup
115

 

Periodic table

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Blei

en  English

Lead

fr  French

Plomb

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Olovo

it  Italian

Piombo

es  Spanish

Plomo

 

Pb
Pb
Plumbum

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

LEAD

CARBON GROUP

 

Atomic number:82

Group numbers:14

Period:6

Electronic configuration:[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2

Formal oxidation number:+2 +4

Electronegativities:1.8

Atomic radius / pm:175

Relative atomic mass:207.2 ± 0.1

 

Lead has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word plumbum meaning liquid silver. It is a very soft, highly malleable and ductile, blue-white shiny metal that tarnishes in moist air but is stable in oxygen and water. Lead dissolves in nitric acid and its compounds are toxic by inhalation or ingestion. The toxins have a cumulative effect. Lead is found most often in ores called galena or lead sulfide (PbS). It is used in solder, shielding against radiation and in batteries.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:11350 (293 K)

 10678 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:18.26 (293 K)

 19.40 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:20.648 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:35.3

Melting point / °C:327.46

Boiling point / °C:1749

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:5.121

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:177.8

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:195.74

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:715.60

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1450.40

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:3081.50

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:8

in the oceans / ppm:0.003

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

face-centered cubic

Crystal structure:

face-centered cubic

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=495.00

Space group:

Fm3m

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
204Pb203.973029(3)1.4(1)
206Pb205.974449(3)24.1(1)
207Pb206.975881(3)22.1(1)
208Pb207.976636(3)52.4(1)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
Pb4+ + 2e- = Pb2++1.694
Pb2+ + 2e- = Pb(s)- 0.126
Pb2+ + 2e- = Pb(s)- 0.14 (1 mol dm-3 HClO4)
Pb2+ + 2e- = Pb(s)- 0.29 (1 mol dm-3 H2SO4)
3PbO2(s) + 2H2O + 4e- = Pb3O4(s) + 4OH-+0.295
PbO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- = Pb2+ + 2H2O+1.455
PbO2(s) + 4H+ + SO42- + 2e- = PbSO4(s) + 2H2O+1.685
PbO2(s) + H+ + 2e- = HPbO2-+0.621
3PbO32- + 10H+ + 4e- = Pb3O4(s) + 5H2O+2.515
PbO32- + 4H+ + 2e- = PbO(s) + 2H2O+2.001
PbO32- + 3H+ + e- = HPbO2- + H2O+1.547
PbO32- + 6H+ + 2e- = Pb2+ + 3H2O+2.375
Pb3O4(s) + H2O + 2e- = 3PbO(s) + 2OH-+0.249
Pb3O4(s) + 8H+ + 2e- = 3Pb2+ + 3H2O+2.094
Pb3O4(s) + 2H2O + 2e- = 3HPbO2- + H+- 0.390
PbO(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = Pb(s) + H2O+0.249
PbSO4 + 2e- = Pb(s) + SO42-- 0.350
HPbO2- + 3H+ + 2e- = Pb(s) + 2H2O+0.702
Pb(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = PbH2- 1.507

 

81 Thallium <=
82 Lead
 => 83 Bismuth