Atomic number:79

Group numbers:11

Period:6

Electronic configuration:[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹

Formal oxidation number:+1 +3

Electronegativities:2.4

Atomic radius / pm:144.2

Relative atomic mass:196.966569 ± 0.000004

 

Gold has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word aurum meaning gold. It is a soft, malleable, bright yellow metal that is unaffected by air, water, alkalis and most acids. Gold is found in veins in the crust, with copper ore and native. It is used in electronics, jewellery and coins. It is a good reflector of infrared radiation, so a thin film of gold is applied to the glass of skyscrapers to reduce internal heating from sunlight.

Density / g dm^-3:19320 (293 K)

 17280 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm³mol^-1:10.19 (293 K)

 11.11 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:2.35 (20 °C)

Thermal conductivity / W m^-1K^-1:317

Melting point / °C:1064.18

Boiling point / °C:2856

Heat of fusion / kJ mol^-1:12.7

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol^-1:343.1

Heat of atomization / kJ mol^-1:365.93

1st ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:890.13

2nd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:1977.96

3rd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:-

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:0.003

in the oceans / ppm:0.000004