www.periodni.com

Periodensystem

Periodic Table

Argentum

German

Silber

English

Silver

French

Argent

Croatian

Srebro

Italian

Argento

Spanish

Plata

Neighborhood

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

SILVER

TRANSITION ELEMENT: COPPER GROUP

Atomic number:47

Group numbers:11

Period:5

Electronic configuration:[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹

Formal oxidation number:+1

Electronegativities:1.93

Atomic radius / pm:144.5

Relative atomic mass:107.8682 ± 0.0002

Silver has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word argentum meaning silver. It is a silvery-ductile and malleable metal, stable in water and oxygen. Silver reacts with sulfur compounds to form black sulfides. Silver is found in ores called argentite (AgS), light ruby silver (Ag3AsS3), dark ruby silver (Ag3SbS3) and brittle silver. It is used in alloys for jewellery and in other compounds for photography. Silver is also a good conductor, but expensive.

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

Crystal structure:

face-centered cubic

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=408.626

Space group:

Fm3m

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm^-3:10500 (293 K)

9345 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm³mol^-1:10.27 (293 K)

11.54 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:1.59 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m^-1K^-1:429

Melting point / °C:961.78

Boiling point / °C:2162

Heat of fusion / kJ mol^-1:11.3

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol^-1:257.7

Heat of atomization / kJ mol^-1:284.09

IONIZATION ENERGIES

1st ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:731.01

2nd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:2073.48

3rd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:3360.61

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:0.08

in the oceans / ppm:0.0003

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)

¹⁰⁷Ag106.905093(6)51.839(7)

¹⁰⁹Ag108.904756(3)48.161(7)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction E^o / V

Ag⁺ + e^-

Ag(s)+0.799

Ag⁺ + e^-

Ag(s)+0.228 (1 mol dm^-3 HCl)

Ag⁺ + e^-

Ag(s)+0.792 (1 mol dm^-3 HClO₄)

Ag⁺ + e^-

Ag(s)+0.77 (1 mol dm^-3 H₂SO₄)

Ag²⁺ + e^-

Ag⁺+1.998

AgO⁺ + 2H⁺ + e^-

Ag²⁺ + H₂O+2.016

2AgO(s) + 2H⁺ + 2e^-

Ag₂O + H₂O+1.41

2AgO(s) + H₂O + 2e^-

Ag₂O + OH^-+0.599

Ag₂O(s) + 2H⁺ + 2e^-

2Ag(s) + H₂O+1.173

Ag₂O(s) + H₂O + 2e^-

2Ag(s) + 2OH^-+0.342

Ag₂CrO₄(s) + 2e^-

2Ag(s) + CrO₄^2-+0.446

Ag₂S(s) + 2H⁺ + 2e^-

2Ag(s) + H₂S(g)- 0.036

Ag₂S(s) + 2e^-

2Ag(s) + S^2-- 0.712

AgCl(s) + e^-

Ag(s) + Cl^-+0.222

AgCl(s) + e^-

Ag(s) + Cl^-+0.228 (1 mol dm^-3 KCl)

AgBr(s) + e^-

Ag(s) + Br^-+0.073

AgI(s) + e^-

Ag(s) + I^-- 0.151

Ag(CN)₂^- + e^-

Ag(s) + 2CN^-- 0.31

Ag(S₂O₃)₂^3- + e^-

Ag(s) + 2S₂O₃^2-+0.017

46 Palladium <= 47 Silver => 48 Cadmium