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Neighborhood
Sc
21
Ti
22
V
23
Y
39
Zr
40
Nb
41
La
57
Hf
72
Ta
73

 

Periodic table

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Zirkon

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Zirconium

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Zirconium

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Cirkonij

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Zirconio

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Circonio

 

Zr
Zr
Zirconium

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

ZIRCONIUM

TRANSITION ELEMENT:
TITANIUM GROUP

 

Atomic number:40

Group numbers:4

Period:5

Electronic configuration:[Kr] 4d2 5s2

Formal oxidation number:+4

Electronegativities:1.33

Atomic radius / pm:159

Relative atomic mass:91.224 ± 0.002

 

Zirconium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth (DE) in 1789. The origin of the name comes from the Arabic word zargun meaning gold colour. It is a grey-white, lustrous, corrosion-resistant metal. Exposed surfaces form oxide protective film. Zirconium is found in many minerals such as zircon and baddeleyite. It is used in alloys such as zircaloy which is used in nuclear applications since it does not readily absorb neutrons. Zirconium is used in high-performance pumps and valves. Clear zircon (ZrSiO4) is a popular gemstone.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:6506 (293 K)

 5800 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:14.02 (293 K)

 15.73 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:42.1 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:22.7

Melting point / °C:1855

Boiling point / °C:4409

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:23

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:566.7

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:607.47

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:640.08

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1266.86

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:2218.21

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:100

in the oceans / ppm:0.000026

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

hexagonal

Crystal structure:

hexagonal

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=323.21, c=514.77

Space group:

P63/mmc

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
90Zr89.904704(2)51.45(3)
91Zr90.905645(2)11.22(4)
92Zr91.905040(2)17.15(2)
94Zr93.906316(3)17.38(4)
96Zr95.908276(3)2.80(2)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
Zr4+ + 4e- = Zr(s)- 1.539
H2ZrO3(s) + H2O + 4e- = Zr(s) + 4OH-- 2.36
HZrO3- + 5H+ + 4e- = Zr(s) + 3H2O- 1.276
ZrO2+ + 2H+ + 4e- = Zr(s) + H2O- 1.570
ZrO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e- = Zr(s) + 2H2O- 1.456
ZrO2×H2O(s) + 4H+ + 4e- = Zr(s) + 3H2O- 1.533
ZrO2×2H2O + 4H+ + 4e- = Zr(s) + 4H2O- 1.553

 

39 Yttrium <=
40 Zirconium
 => 41 Niobium