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S
16
Cl
17
Ar
18
Se
34
Br
35
Kr
36
Te
52
I
53
Xe
54

 

Periodic table

de  German

Brom

en  English

Bromine

fr  French

Brome

hr  Croatian

Brom

it  Italian

Bromo

es  Spanish

Bromo

 

Br
Br
Bromum

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

BROMINE

HALOGENS ELEMENT

 

Atomic number:35

Group numbers:17

Period:4

Electronic configuration:[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5

Formal oxidation number:-1 +1 +5

Electronegativities:2.96

Atomic radius / pm:114.5

Relative atomic mass:79.904 ± 0.001

 

Bromine was discovered by Antoine-Jérôme Balard (FR) in 1826. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word bromos meaning stench. It is a reddish-brown liquid with suffocating, irritating fumes that gives off poisonous vapour. It is a oxidizer that causes severe burns. Bromine occurs in compounds in sea water. It was once used in large quantities to make a compound that removed lead compound build up in engines burning leaded gasoline. Now it is primarily used in dyes, disinfectants and photographic chemicals.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:4050 (123 K)

 3122.6 (293 K)

 7.59 (gas, 273 K)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:19.73 (123 K)

 25.59 (293 K)

 21055.07 (gas, 273 K)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:- (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:0.0047

Melting point / °C:-7.2

Boiling point / °C:58.78

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:10.8

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:30.5

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:117.943

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1139.87

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:2103.40

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:3473.50

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:2.5

in the oceans / ppm:65

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

base-centered orthorhombic

Crystal structure:

base-centered orthorhombic

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=673.7, b=454.8, c=876.1

Space group:

Cmca

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
79Br78.918338(2)50.69(7)
81Br80.916291(3)49.31(7)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
Br2(l) + 2e- = 2Br-+1.065
Br2(aq) + 2e- = 2Br-+1.087
Br3- + 2e- = 3Br-+1.05
HBrO3 + 5H+ + 6e- = Br- + 3H2O+1.42
3HBrO3 + 15H+ + 16e- = Br3- + 9H2O+1.462
2BrO3- + 12H+ + 10e- = Br2(l) + 6H2O+1.52
BrO3- + 6H+ + 6e- = Br- + 3H2O+1.44
BrO3- + 3H2O + 6e- = Br- + 6OH-+0.61
2HBrO2 + 10H+ + 10e- = Br2(l) + 6H2O+1.48
HBrO3 + 4H+ + 4e- = HBrO + 2H2O+1.46
HBrO3 + 3H+ + 4e- = BrO- + 2H2O+1.33
2HBrO + 2H+ + 2e- = Br2(l) + 2H2O+1.59
2BrO- + 4H+ + 2e- = Br2(l) + 2H2O+2.09
2BrO- + 2H2O + 2e- = Br2(l) + 4OH-+0.45
BrO- + H2O + 2e- = Br- + 2OH-+0.76

 

34 Selenium <=
35 Bromine
 => 36 Krypton