Atomic number:63

Group numbers:3

Period:6

Electronic configuration:[Xe] 4f⁷ 6s²

Formal oxidation number:+2 +3

Electronegativities:-

Atomic radius / pm:199.5

Relative atomic mass:151.964 ± 0.001

 

Europium was discovered by Eugène-Anatole Demarçay (FR) in 1896. Named for the continent of Europe. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that is extremely reactive with oxygen and water. Europium is obtained from monazite sand, which is a mixture of phosphates of calcium, thorium, cerium and most other rare earths. It is used with yttrium oxide to make red phosphors for colour televisions.

Density / g dm^-3:5243 (293 K)

Molar volume / cm³mol^-1:28.98 (293 K)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:90 (20 °C)

Thermal conductivity / W m^-1K^-1:13.9

Melting point / °C:822

Boiling point / °C:1529

Heat of fusion / kJ mol^-1:10.5

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol^-1:176

Heat of atomization / kJ mol^-1:177.11

1st ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:547.11

2nd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:1084.60

3rd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:2404.43

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:1.1

in the oceans / ppm:0.00000004