Periodic table

 

 

Atomic number:64

Group numbers:3

Period:6

Electronic configuration:[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²

Formal oxidation number:+3

Electronegativities:1.2

Atomic radius / pm:178.7

Relative atomic mass:157.25 ± 0.03

 

Gadolinium was discovered by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (CH) in 1880. Named after the mineral gadolinite, named for J. Gadolin, a Finnish chemist and mineralogist. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that reacts slowly with water and oxygen. Gadolinium dissolves in acids. The metal ignites and burns readily. Gadolinium is found with other rare earths in gadolinite and monazite sand. It is used in steel alloying agents and the manufacture of electronic components.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm^-3:7900.4 (298 K)

Molar volume / cm³mol^-1:19.90 (298 K)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:140.5 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m^-1K^-1:10.6

Melting point / °C:1313

Boiling point / °C:3273

Heat of fusion / kJ mol^-1:15.5

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol^-1:301

Heat of atomization / kJ mol^-1:398.94

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:593.40

Second ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:1166.52

Third ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:1990.51

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:3.3

in the oceans / ppm:0.0000002

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

ISOTOPES

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

 

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Citing this page:

Generalic, Eni. "Gadolinium." EniG. Periodic Table of the Elements. 16 May 2013. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <http://www.periodni.com/gd.html>.