Atomic number:7

Group numbers:15

Period:2

Electronic configuration:[He] 2s² 2p³

Formal oxidation number:-3 -2 -1 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5

Electronegativities:3.04

Atomic radius / pm:54.9

Relative atomic mass:14.0067 ± 0.0002

 

Nitrogen was discovered by Daniel Rutherford (GB) in 1772. The origin of the name comes from the Greek words nitron genes meaning nitre and forming and the Latin word nitrum (nitre is a common name for potassium nitrate, KNO3). It is a colourless, odourless, generally inert gas, minimally reactive at room temperature. Nitrogen is a component of many organic and inorganic compounds and makes up about 78% of earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen is obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation. Nitrogen is primarily used to produce ammonia and other fertilizers and for making nitric acid, which is used in explosives. It is also used in welding and enhanced oil recovery.

Density / g dm^-3:1026 (21 K)

 880 (m.p.)

 1.2506 (gas, 273 K)

Molar volume / cm³mol^-1:13.65 (21 K)

 15.92 (m.p.)

 22399.97 (gas, 273 K)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:- (20 °C)

Thermal conductivity / W m^-1K^-1:0.0258

Melting point / °C:-210.00

Boiling point / °C:-195.8

Heat of fusion / kJ mol^-1:0.72

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol^-1:5.577

Heat of atomization / kJ mol^-1:470.842

1st ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:1402.34

2nd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:2856.11

3rd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:4578.19

in the atmosphere / ppm:780900

in the Earth's crust / ppm:20

in the oceans / ppm:0.8