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Co
27
Ni
28
Cu
29
Rh
45
Pd
46
Ag
47

 

Periodic table

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Nickel

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Nickel

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Nickel

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Nikal

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Nichel

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Niquel

 

Ni
Ni
Niccolum

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

NICKEL

TRANSITION ELEMENT:
NICKEL GROUP

 

Atomic number:28

Group numbers:10

Period:4

Electronic configuration:[Ar] 3d8 4s2

Formal oxidation number:+2 +3

Electronegativities:1.91

Atomic radius / pm:124.6

Relative atomic mass:58.6934 ± 0.0004

 

Nickel was discovered by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (SE) in 1751. The origin of the name comes from the German word kupfernickel meaning Devil's copper or St Nicholas's (Old Nick's) copper. It is a hard, malleable, silvery-white metal. Nickel is soluble in acids, resist alkalis. It can be polished to a lustrous finish. It resists corrosion in air under normal conditions. Nickel is chiefly found in pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)9S8] ore. The metal is produced by heating the ore in a blast furnace which replaces the sulfur with oxygen. The oxides are then treated with an acid that reacts with the iron not the nickel. Nickel is used in electroplating and metal alloys because of its resistance to corrosion, in nickel-cadmium batteries, and as a catalyst and for coins.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:8902 (298 K)

 7780 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:6.59 (298 K)

 7.54 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:6.84 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:90.7

Melting point / °C:1455

Boiling point / °C:2913

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:17.6

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:374.8

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:427.659

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:737.13

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1753.04

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:3395.34

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:105

in the oceans / ppm:0.0005

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

face-centered cubic

Crystal structure:

face-centered cubic

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=352.38

Space group:

Fm3m

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
58Ni57.935348(2)68.077(9)
60Ni59.930791(2)26.223(8)
61Ni60.931060(2)1.140(1)
62Ni61.928349(2)3.634(2)
64Ni63.927970(2)0.926(1)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
Ni2+ + 2e- = Ni(s)- 0.250
NiO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- = Ni2+ + 2H2O+1.593
NiO2(s) + 2H2O + 2e- = Ni(OH)2(s) + 2OH-+0.49
Ni2O3(s) + 6H+ + 2e- = 2Ni2+ + 3H2O+1.753
Ni3O4(s) + 2H2O + 2e- = 3HNiO2- + H+- 0.718
Ni3O4(s) + 8H+ + 2e- = 3Ni2+ + 4H2O+1.977
HNiO2- + 3H+ + 2e- = Ni(s) + 2H2O+0.648
Ni(CN)42- + e- = Ni(CN)3- + CN-- 0.4
NiO42- + 8H+ + 4e- = Ni2+ + 4H2O+1.8
Ni(NH3)62+ + 2e- = Ni(s) + 6NH3- 0.49
NiS(s) (alpha) + 2e- = Ni(s) + S2-+0.76
NiS(s) (gamma) + 2e- = Ni(s) + S2-- 0.99

 

27 Cobalt <=
28 Nickel
 => 29 Copper