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45
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46
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47
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77
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78
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79

 

Periodic table

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Palladium

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Palladium

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Palladium

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Paladij

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Palladio

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Paladio

 

Pd
Pd
Paladium

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

PALLADIUM

TRANSITION ELEMENT:
NICKEL GROUP

 

Atomic number:46

Group numbers:10

Period:5

Electronic configuration:[Kr] 4d10

Formal oxidation number:+2 +3

Electronegativities:2.2

Atomic radius / pm:137.6

Relative atomic mass:106.42 ± 0.01

 

Palladium was discovered by William Hyde Wollaston (GB) in 1803. Named after the asteroid Pallas which was discovered at about the same time and from the Greek name Pallas, goddess of wisdom. It is a soft, malleable, ductile, silvery-white metal that resists corrosion, dissolves in oxidizing acids and absorbs hydrogen. Metal dust is combustible. Palladium is obtained with platinum, nickel, copper and mercury ores. It is used as a substitute for silver in dental items and jewellery. The pure metal is used as the delicate mainsprings in analog wristwatches. It is also used in surgical instruments and as a catalyst.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:12020 (293 K)

 10379 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:8.85 (293 K)

 10.25 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:10.8 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:71.8

Melting point / °C:1554.9

Boiling point / °C:2963

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:17.2

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:361.5

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:377.4

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:804.39

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1874.72

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:3177.28

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:0.001

in the oceans / ppm:-

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

face-centered cubic

Crystal structure:

face-centered cubic

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=389.08

Space group:

Fm3m

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
102Pd101.905608(3)1.02(1)
104Pd103.904035(5)11.14(8)
105Pd104.905084(5)22.33(8)
106Pd105.903483(5)27.33(3)
108Pd107.903894(4)26.46(9)
110Pd109.90515(1)11.72(9)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
Pd2+ + 2e- = Pd(s)+0.987
PdO3(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = PdO2(s) + H2O+1.22 (18 °C)
PdO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = PdO(s) + H2O+0.95 (18 °C)
PdO2 (s)+ H2O + 2e- = PdO(s) + 2OH-+0.73
PdO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- = Pd2+ + 2H2O+1.194
PdCl62- + 2e- = PdCl42- + 2Cl-+1.288 (1 mol dm-3 HCl)
PdCl62- + 4e- = Pd(s) + 6Cl-+0.96
PdBr62- + 2e- = PdBr42- + 2Br-+0.994 (1 mol dm-3 KBr)
Pd(OH)4(s) + 2e- = Pd(OH)2(s) + 2OH-+0.73
Pd(OH)2(s) + 2e- = Pd(s) + 2OH-+0.07

 

45 Rhodium <=
46 Palladium
 => 47 Silver