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46
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47
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48
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78
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79
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Periodic table

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Silber

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Silver

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Argent

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Srebro

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Argento

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Plata

 

Ag
Ag
Argentum

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

SILVER

TRANSITION ELEMENT:
COPPER GROUP

 

Atomic number:47

Group numbers:11

Period:5

Electronic configuration:[Kr] 4d10 5s1

Formal oxidation number:+1

Electronegativities:1.93

Atomic radius / pm:144.5

Relative atomic mass:107.8682 ± 0.0002

 

Silver has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word argentum meaning silver. It is a silvery-ductile and malleable metal, stable in water and oxygen. Silver reacts with sulfur compounds to form black sulfides. Silver is found in ores called argentite (AgS), light ruby silver (Ag3AsS3), dark ruby silver (Ag3SbS3) and brittle silver. It is used in alloys for jewellery and in other compounds for photography. Silver is also a good conductor, but expensive.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:10500 (293 K)

 9345 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:10.27 (293 K)

 11.54 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:1.59 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:429

Melting point / °C:961.78

Boiling point / °C:2162

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:11.3

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:257.7

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:284.09

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:731.01

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:2073.48

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:3360.61

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:0.08

in the oceans / ppm:0.0003

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

face-centered cubic

Crystal structure:

face-centered cubic

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=408.626

Space group:

Fm3m

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
107Ag106.905093(6)51.839(7)
109Ag108.904756(3)48.161(7)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
Ag+ + e- = Ag(s)+0.799
Ag+ + e- = Ag(s)+0.228 (1 mol dm-3 HCl)
Ag+ + e- = Ag(s)+0.792 (1 mol dm-3 HClO4)
Ag+ + e- = Ag(s)+0.77 (1 mol dm-3 H2SO4)
Ag2+ + e- = Ag++1.998
AgO+ + 2H+ + e- = Ag2+ + H2O+2.016
2AgO(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = Ag2O + H2O+1.41
2AgO(s) + H2O + 2e- = Ag2O + OH-+0.599
Ag2O(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = 2Ag(s) + H2O+1.173
Ag2O(s) + H2O + 2e- = 2Ag(s) + 2OH-+0.342
Ag2CrO4(s) + 2e- = 2Ag(s) + CrO42-+0.446
Ag2S(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = 2Ag(s) + H2S(g)- 0.036
Ag2S(s) + 2e- = 2Ag(s) + S2-- 0.712
AgCl(s) + e- = Ag(s) + Cl-+0.222
AgCl(s) + e- = Ag(s) + Cl-+0.228 (1 mol dm-3 KCl)
AgBr(s) + e- = Ag(s) + Br-+0.073
AgI(s) + e- = Ag(s) + I-- 0.151
Ag(CN)2- + e- = Ag(s) + 2CN-- 0.31
Ag(S2O3)23- + e- = Ag(s) + 2S2O32-+0.017

 

46 Palladium <=
47 Silver
 => 48 Cadmium