de en fr hr it es
Neighborhood
 
 
 
Ni
28
Cu
29
Zn
30
Pd
46
Ag
47
Cd
48

 

Periodic table

de  German

Kupfer

en  English

Copper

fr  French

Cuivre

hr  Croatian

Bakar

it  Italian

Rame

es  Spanish

Cobre

 

Cu
Cu
Cuprum

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

COPPER

TRANSITION ELEMENT:
COPPER GROUP

 

Atomic number:29

Group numbers:11

Period:4

Electronic configuration:[Ar] 3d10 4s1

Formal oxidation number:+1 +2

Electronegativities:1.9

Atomic radius / pm:127.8

Relative atomic mass:63.546 ± 0.003

 

Copper has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word cuprum meaning the island of Cyprus famed for its copper mines. It is a malleable, ductile, reddish-brown metal, resistant to air and water. Exposed surfaces form greenish carbonate film. Pure copper occurs rarely in nature. It is usually found in sulfides as in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), coveline (CuS), chalcosine (Cu2S) or oxides like cuprite (Cu2O). Copper is most often used as an electrical conductor and in the manufacture of water pipes. Its alloys are used in jewellery and for coins.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:8960 (293 K)

 7940 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:7.09 (293 K)

 8.00 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:1.673 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:401

Melting point / °C:1084.62

Boiling point / °C:2562

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:13

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:306.7

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:337.15

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:745.49

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1957.93

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:3554.64

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:75

in the oceans / ppm:0.003

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

face-centered cubic

Crystal structure:

face-centered cubic

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=361.47

Space group:

Fm3m

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
63Cu62.929601(2)69.17(3)
65Cu64.927794(2)30.83(3)

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
Cu2+ + 2e- = Cu(s)+0.337
Cu2+ + e- = Cu++0.153
Cu+ + e- = Cu(s)+0.521
HCuO2- + 3H+ + e- = Cu+ + 2H2O+1.73
CuO22- + 4H+ + e- = Cu+ + 2H2O+2.51
HCuO2- + 3H+ + 2e- = Cu(s) + 2H2O+1.13
CuO22- + 4H+ + 2e- = Cu(s) + 2H2O+1.52
2Cu2+ + H2O + 2e- = Cu2O(s) + 2H++0.20
2HCuO2- + 4H+ + 2e- = Cu2O(s) + 3H2O+1.78
2CuO22- + 6H+ + 2e- = Cu2O(s) + 3H2O+2.56
CuO + 2H+ + e- = Cu+ + H2O+0.62
Cu2+ + Br- + e- = CuBr(s)+0.64
Cu2+ + Cl- + e- = CuCl(s)+0.54
Cu2+ + I- + e- = CuI(s)+0.86
CuI(s) + e- = Cu(s) + I-- 0.185
Cu(NH3)42+ + e- = Cu(NH3)2+ + 2NH3- 0.01
Cu(NH3)2+ + e- = Cu(s) + 2NH3- 0.12
Cu(NH3)42+ + 2e- = Cu(s) + 4NH3- 0.07

 

28 Nickel <=
29 Copper
 => 30 Zinc