Periodic table

 

 

Atomic number:81

Group numbers:13

Period:6

Electronic configuration:[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹

Formal oxidation number:+1 +3

Electronegativities:1.8

Atomic radius / pm:170

Relative atomic mass:204.3833 ± 0.0002

 

Thallium was discovered by Sir William Crookes (GB) in 1861. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word thallos meaning green twig or green shoot. It is a soft grey metal that looks like lead and tarnishes in moist air. Thallium reacts in heated moist air and in acids. Its compounds are highly toxic by inhalation or ingestion and have a cumulative effect. Thallium is found in iron pyrites, in crookesite, hutchinsonite and lorandite. Most is recovered from the by-products of lead and zinc refining. Its compounds are used in rat and ant poisons and for detecting infrared radiation.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm^-3:11850 (293 K)

 11290 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm³mol^-1:17.25 (293 K)

 18.10 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:18 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m^-1K^-1:46.1

Melting point / °C:304

Boiling point / °C:1473

Heat of fusion / kJ mol^-1:4.31

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol^-1:166.1

Heat of atomization / kJ mol^-1:182.845

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:589.36

Second ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:1971.02

Third ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:2878.18

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:0.36

in the oceans / ppm:0.00001

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

ISOTOPES

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

 

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Citing this page:

Generalic, Eni. "Thallium." EniG. Periodic Table of the Elements. 3 Jan. 2012. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <http://www.periodni.com/tl.html>.