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Aluminium

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Al
Al
Aluminium

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

ALUMINIUM

BORON GROUP

 

Atomic number:13

Group numbers:13

Period:3

Electronic configuration:[Ne] 3s2 3p1

Formal oxidation number:+3

Electronegativities:1.61

Atomic radius / pm:143.2

Relative atomic mass:26.9815386 ± 0.0000008

 

Aluminium was discovered by Hans Christian Ørsted (DK) in 1825. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word alumen meaning alum. The spelling of aluminium was recommended instead of aluminum (the spellings in common use in the USA) by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1990. It is a soft, lightweight, silvery-white metal. Exposed surfaces quickly form protective oxide coating. It reacts violently with oxidants. Aluminium is third most abundant element in the earth's crust. Aluminium is the most abundant metal to be found in the earth's crust, but is never found free in nature. Aluminium is obtained by electrolysis from bauxite. Aluminium used for many purposes from airplanes to beverage cans. It is too soft in its pure form so less than 1 % of silicon or iron is added, which hardens and strengthens it.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density / g dm-3:2698 (293 K)

 2390 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm3mol-1:10.00 (293 K)

 11.29 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:2.65 (20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES

Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1:237

Melting point / °C:660.32

Boiling point / °C:2519

Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:10.67

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:290.8

Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:324.01

IONIZATION ENERGIES

First ionization energy / kJ mol-1:577.54

Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1816.69

Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1:2744.80

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:84100

in the oceans / ppm:0.01

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA

face-centered cubic

Crystal structure:

face-centered cubic

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=404.959

Space group:

Fm3m

ISOTOPES

IsotopeRelative atomic massMass percent (%)
27Al26.9815384(1)100

REDUCTION POTENTIALS

Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
Al3+ + 3e- = Al(s)- 1.662
Al3+ + 2e- = Al+- 2.76
Al+ + e- = Al(s)- 0.55
AlO2- + 4H+ + 3e- = Al(s) + 2H2O- 1.262
Al(OH)3(s) + 3e- = Al(s) + 3OH-- 2.31
AlF63- + 3e- = Al(s) + 6F-- 2.07

 

12 Magnesium <=
13 Aluminium
 => 14 Silicon