Atomic number:50

Group numbers:14

Period:5

Electronic configuration:[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²

Formal oxidation number:+2 +4

Electronegativities:1.96

Atomic radius / pm:140.5

Relative atomic mass:118.710 ± 0.007

 

Tin has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word stannum meaning tin. It is a silvery-white, soft, malleable and ductile metal that ressist oxygen and water but dissolves in acids and bases. Exposed surfaces form oxide film. Organic tin compounds may be highly toxic. Tin is principally found in the ore cassiterite (SnO2) and stannine (Cu2FeSnS4). It is used as a coating for steel cans since it is non-toxic and non-corrosive, also in solder (33%Sn:67%Pb), bronze (20%Sn:80%Cu) and pewter. Stannous fluoride (SnF2), a compound of tin and fluorine is used in some toothpaste.

Density / g dm^-3:5750 (alpha, 273 K)

 7310 (beta, 273 K)

 6973 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm³mol^-1:20.65 (alpha, 273 K)

 16.24 (beta, 273 K)

 17.02 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:11 (20 °C)

Thermal conductivity / W m^-1K^-1:66.6

Melting point / °C:231.928

Boiling point / °C:2602

Heat of fusion / kJ mol^-1:7.2

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol^-1:296.2

Heat of atomization / kJ mol^-1:302

1st ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:708.58

2nd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:1411.81

3rd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:2943.07

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:2.5

in the oceans / ppm:0.003